The association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms (TaqI and FokI), Type 2 diabetes, and micro-/macrovascular complications in postmenopausal women

INTRODUCTION Since there is evidence of the action of vitamin D as a modulator of insulin release and atherosclerosis, it may well be that the vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are associated with diabetes and its chronic complications. AIMS To examine the associations between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms (FokI and TaqI) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its associated chronic complications in postmenopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed 100 postmenopausal women with T2DM (mean age 65.7±7.18 years) and 100 postmenopausal women without diabetes in the control group (mean age 65.1±9.18 years; P=0.1608). We evaluated clinical and metabolic parameters and analyzed TaqI and FokI polymorphisms. RESULTS There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies between patients and controls in either of the polymorphisms studied. In the group of patients with diabetes, there were no significant differences in either polymorphism in relation to stroke, retinopathy, nephropathy, or neuropathy. However, in patients with T2DM and coronary artery disease, f genotype (P=0.0361) and the combination of Ff + ff genotypes were observed less frequently (P=0.0462). CONCLUSION This study suggests the potential protective factor of FokI polymorphism for coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women with T2DM in the recessive model.